There are various types of hammers in use. The most commonly used hand hammer is Ball-Pane hammer. Other types are Cross Pane hammer and Straight edge hammer. Schematic of a Ball pave hammer is as shown below – Hammers are made of cast steel. A wooden handle is fixed on the hammer to use it…

Pipe Wrench is a type of adjustable spanner which has wide use in tightening or loosening nuts and taps. It has one fixed jaw and one movable jaw and a handle which is a continuation of the movable jaw. The nut or tap to be loosened or tightened is held tightly between the jaws and…

Vice is a device for holding work. There are various types of vices and the most common one is the Bench Vice. It consists of a movable jaw. Movable jaw has a square or butter threaded spindle. There is a spindle handle also by which the movable jaw can be brought to any desired position. A…

File is another cutting tool and is available in a variety of lengths, grade cuts and shapes. Files are made of high carbon steel and is attached to a handle. The file has a series of teeth set at an angle which cut the work on the forward stroke. Files have generally 3 types of…

Hack-Saw is a cutting tool used for cutting metal pieces, wide grooves etc. It consists of a metal frame fitted with handle made of wood. A blade of suitable size is fitted to the frame as shown below – Usually the blade manufactured are 8inch, 10inch and 12inch, The blade has bent teeth. As the…

Centre Punch is the commonest of all punches and is a steel rod 90 – 150 mm long and 8 – 13 mm in diameter. It is used to make marls at the centers of holes which are to be drilled and to make marks on a line through which a metal is to be…