C Programming Language
C language developed at Bell lab by Dennis Ritchie on UNIX environment. UNIX was later rewritten in C. An earlier version of C is BCPL...
Recursive C program for Binary search
Below is an example Recursive C program to perform Binary – int binsearch(int low, int high, in a, X){ int mid; if(low > high){ return(-1);...
Recursive C program to print Fibonacci series
Below is an example recursive C program to return Fibonacci series for a given number – int fibonacci (int x){ if(n < 0){ printf("Invalid input");...
C program for finding factorial by recursion
Here is a C program to find a factorial by recursive method – int factorial (int x ) { return ( n==0? 1: n*(fact(n-1))); }...
Tree representation in C
Below is an example to represent a Tree structure in C using struct...
Gregory Newton Backward Interpolation Method
Gregory Newton Backward Interpolation Method can be used to derive difference formula when the x values are at equidistant intervals and the value to be...
Reducing Lagranges interpolation formula to Linear interpolation
Below is an amazing solution to prove that when n=2, Lagranges interpolation formula reduces to Linear interpolation –...
Mobile Communication Services
One of the fastest growth rates in the telecommunications industry anywhere in the world is that of mobile radio communication devices. The basic architecture of...
Digitized Phone Services (E-10B)
Olden form of phone systems involved manual exchanges which involved a great task in switching and routing of calls to various subscribers that increased network...
Early Evolution of Data Commmunication Systems
It’s helpful for data communication and IT students to understand the evolution of Data communication systems. The first phase in the evolution of data communication...
Data Communication and its basic setup
Data Communications is the function of transferring a digital signal from one digital device to another. Data transmission and data communications mean two different things....
C program to convert a postfix string to prefix form
Below is sample C program to convert a postfix string to prefix form. Also included is detailed flow chart of the program and dry run...
C program to convert a prefix string to infix form
Below is sample C program to convert a prefix string to infix form. Also included is detailed flow chart of the program and dry run...
Representing a Linked List as a Binary Tree
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Example for Preorder and Postorder traversal of a Binary tree
Below is an example that I prepared for preorder and postorder traversal of a Binary Tree – enjoy!...
Traversing a Binary Tree in Postorder
Below is the algorithm and C routine for traversing a Binary Tree in postorder. ...
Traversing a Binary Tree in Preorder
A binary tree can be traversed in two basic ways – preorder and postorder. Explained below is the process or preorder traverse of a binary...
Binary Tree
Binary Tree is a basic data structure that is used behind the scenes of all major technologies whether it’s a Database system or operating system,...
Testing convergence of a sample Logarithmic series using Leibnitz’s rule
Below is the solution to test convergence of a sample Logarithmic series –...
Finding maximum power transmitted neglecting centrifugal tension
Below is a sample problem and its solution to find maximum power transmitted in a scenario where we need to neglect centrifugal tension....
Finding power transmitted by a belt given max tension
Below is the solution to find power transmitted by a belt given maximum permissible tension and rpm of a larger pulley –...
Finding maximum power transmitted from maximum belt stress
Here is a problem involving V-belt where we calculate the maximum power transmitted from the maximum belt stress and other attributes in the system –...
Finding Velocity and maximum power transmitted
Here is an interesting solution to find velocity and maximum power transmitted –...
Finding Torque and power transmitted
Here is an interesting problem and solution to calculate torque and power transmitted of a shaft and pulley system. You can easily extend this to...
Finding maximum power transmitted and initial tension
Its interesting to use the mechanical formulas to find maximum power transmitted and initial tension given the characteristic features of a flat belt pulley system....
Finding power transmitted by a pulley
Here is a real life mechanical problem to solve – Two parallel shafts whose center lines are 4.8m apart are connected on an open belt...
Finding maximum cross sectional area of a Mechanical belt
Question: A leather belt transmits 30 KW from a pulley 750 mm diameter which runs at 500 rpm. The belt is in contact with the...
Finding Tight side and Slack side tension of a mechanical belt
Question: An electric motor provides 6.6 KW to a belt driven pulley 125 mm in diameter. The speed of the pulley is 1050 rpm. Calculate the...
Discussing Convergence of Iteration and Newton Raphson Methods
We use various Numerical methods to solve algebraic and transcendental equations. All these methods converge the result to a single root after various approximations specific...
Solving Equations by Jacobi’s Iteration Method
Jacobi’s Iteration method is an interesting method to solve equations by simple iteration method. Here is an example – ...
Solving a set of equations using Gauss Seidal Elimination Method
Here is an excellent example of Gauss Seidal elimination method to solve a set of equations –...
Finding Inverse of a Matrix using Gauss Elimination Method
Here is an intelligent and simple way to find the inverse of a matrix using Gauss Elimination method –...
Gauss Jordan Elimination Method
Here is a well explained solution to solve a set of equations using Gauss Jordan Elimination method –...
Gauss Elimination Method
Below is a well explained solution for a set of equations using Gauss Elimination method. Enjoy! ...
Finding Roots of equation x3-3×2+x+1=0
We will be using Newton Raphson method to find the root of this equation. Enjoy!...
Parallel Lamp Connection
Below is the lab work for Parallel Lamp Connection –...
Dim and Bright Connection
Here is the detailed lab work for a Dim and Bright lamp connection – ...
Master Electric Connection
We will see how to operate 3 lamps using a master switch and also simultaneously operating them....
Fluorescent Tube connection
Below is a simple step by step description of a Fluorescent Tube connection. We will see the list of materials needed, the procedure to build...
Finding measure of skewness and kurtosis for Poisson distribution
Here we define what Poisson Distribution is how to measure its skewness and kurtosis....
Proving Inversion Mapping
Here we venture to prove that Inversion Mapping maps the totality of circles lines in the Z plane on to the same that of W plane...
Find 4th Root of 1 and Square root of -8i
Here is an interesting solution to find nth root of a complex number Z. Here we use a general equation to find the 4th root...
Finding Linear Fractional Transformation
Ok, here is a beautiful mathematical solution to find the Linear Fractional Transformation which maps |Z| <= 1 on to |W| <=1 such that Z =...
Transformation of W=eZ
Here we discuss transformation of W = eZ...
Forming a Bi-Linear Transformation which maps a set of points
Here is a mathematical solution for forming a Bi-Linear Transformation which maps the points (1, i,-1) onto the points (i,0,-i) and hence finding the image of...
How to determine which mathematical functions are analytic
Here is the solution on how to determine if a mathematical function is analytic –...
Mathematical solution for checking a certain function satisfy Laplace Equation
Here is an attempt to check if a function satisfies Laplace Equation and determining corresponding analytical function –...
Locus of a point Z satisfying condition |Z-1| + |Z+1| = 4
Here is a fun solution for Mathematics students to find the locus of a point Z satisfying condition |Z-1| + |Z+1| = 4 – ...
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) in action
Suppose machine A wants to send its message packets to B which has the IP address 1B. A only knows B’s IP address and thus...
ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
ARP or Address Resolution Protocol is used to map Internet addresses to physical addresses. Address resolution is the process of mapping Internet IP addresses into...
Weaknesses of IP address
Below are couple major weaknesses of IP addresses – A machine cannot be assigned a permanent IP address i.e. it should change when the machine...
‘This’ network and ‘this’ host address
An IP address with all 0’s in the host id, refers to this particular and the IP addresses with all 0’s in the network id...
Network & Broadcast address
Network and Broadcast address are derived from the general IP addresses and are used for specific or reserved applications. Network address refers to the IP...
Internet Addresses
Internet address refers to the unique identification or address assigned to each machine in the physical network. The basic need for assigning Internet address is...
Internet Architecture
As shown above, the Internet consists of various physical networks (Net1 … Netn) connected together as a single large network. Each network may have host...
Internetworking Concept and Architectural Model
Internetworking is the technology that makes it possible to interconnect many disparate physical networks with diverse underlying hardware technologies and make them function as a coordinated...
ARPANET Technology
ARPANET (Advanced research project agency network) is the oldest wide area packet switched network build by the DARPA (Defense advanced research project agency). Physically ARPANET...
ProNET variation – Start topology
ProNET variation as star topology is as shown below – The 3 hosts are connected logically by a ring connection and physically by a start...
ProNET 10 Token recovery
ProNET 10 token recovery is essential to handle situations of loss of token when the host want to transmit. Such token loses occur due to...
ProNET Token Ring Technology
ProNET Token ring technology is an alternative to ethernet technology and it also works fairly good speeds. It uses token ring technology- Token ring network...