Finding Velocity and maximum power transmitted
Here is an interesting solution to find velocity and maximum power transmitted –
Finding Torque and power transmitted
Here is an interesting problem and solution to calculate torque and power transmitted of a shaft and pulley system. You can easily extend this to larger systems.
Finding maximum power transmitted and initial tension
Its interesting to use the mechanical formulas to find maximum power transmitted and initial tension given the characteristic features of a flat belt pulley system. Below is an example problem and its solution –
Finding power transmitted by a pulley
Here is a real life mechanical problem to solve – Two parallel shafts whose center lines are 4.8m apart are connected on an open belt drive. The diameter of the larger pullet is 1.5m and that of the smaller pulley is 1.05m. The initial tension in the belt when stationary is 3KN. The mass of…
Finding maximum cross sectional area of a Mechanical belt
Question: A leather belt transmits 30 KW from a pulley 750 mm diameter which runs at 500 rpm. The belt is in contact with the pullry over an arc of 160° and coefficient of friction, μ = 0.3. If the permissible stress in the belt is not to exceed 2 MN / m^2, find the maximum…
Finding Tight side and Slack side tension of a mechanical belt
Question: An electric motor provides 6.6 KW to a belt driven pulley 125 mm in diameter. The speed of the pulley is 1050 rpm. Calculate the tight side and slack side tension of the belt if they are in the ratio 7:2? Ans: Given: Power, P = 6.6KW Diameter, d = 125×10^-3m Speed of the pulley,…
Discussing Convergence of Iteration and Newton Raphson Methods
We use various Numerical methods to solve algebraic and transcendental equations. All these methods converge the result to a single root after various approximations specific to each method. In this article we delve into details of rate of convergence of two popular methods – Iterative and Newton Raphson method. Enjoy!
Solving Equations by Jacobi’s Iteration Method
Jacobi’s Iteration method is an interesting method to solve equations by simple iteration method. Here is an example –
Solving a set of equations using Gauss Seidal Elimination Method
Here is an excellent example of Gauss Seidal elimination method to solve a set of equations –
Finding Inverse of a Matrix using Gauss Elimination Method
Here is an intelligent and simple way to find the inverse of a matrix using Gauss Elimination method –
Gauss Jordan Elimination Method
Here is a well explained solution to solve a set of equations using Gauss Jordan Elimination method –
Gauss Elimination Method
Below is a well explained solution for a set of equations using Gauss Elimination method. Enjoy!
Finding Roots of equation x3-3×2+x+1=0
We will be using Newton Raphson method to find the root of this equation. Enjoy!
Parallel Lamp Connection
Below is the lab work for Parallel Lamp Connection –
Dim and Bright Connection
Here is the detailed lab work for a Dim and Bright lamp connection –
Master Electric Connection
We will see how to operate 3 lamps using a master switch and also simultaneously operating them.
Fluorescent Tube connection
Below is a simple step by step description of a Fluorescent Tube connection. We will see the list of materials needed, the procedure to build it observation and result.
Finding measure of skewness and kurtosis for Poisson distribution
Here we define what Poisson Distribution is how to measure its skewness and kurtosis.
Proving Inversion Mapping
Here we venture to prove that Inversion Mapping maps the totality of circles lines in the Z plane on to the same that of W plane –
Find 4th Root of 1 and Square root of -8i
Here is an interesting solution to find nth root of a complex number Z. Here we use a general equation to find the 4th root of 1 and square of -8i. Enjoy!
Finding Linear Fractional Transformation
Ok, here is a beautiful mathematical solution to find the Linear Fractional Transformation which maps |Z| <= 1 on to |W| <=1 such that Z = i/4 is mapped onto W=0. Also we will graph out the images of the lines x=c and y=c.
Transformation of W=eZ
Here we discuss transformation of W = eZ
Forming a Bi-Linear Transformation which maps a set of points
Here is a mathematical solution for forming a Bi-Linear Transformation which maps the points (1, i,-1) onto the points (i,0,-i) and hence finding the image of |Z| < 1 and also finding the Invarient points of this Transformation 🙂
How to determine which mathematical functions are analytic
Here is the solution on how to determine if a mathematical function is analytic –
Mathematical solution for checking a certain function satisfy Laplace Equation
Here is an attempt to check if a function satisfies Laplace Equation and determining corresponding analytical function –
Locus of a point Z satisfying condition |Z-1| + |Z+1| = 4
Here is a fun solution for Mathematics students to find the locus of a point Z satisfying condition |Z-1| + |Z+1| = 4 –
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) in action
Suppose machine A wants to send its message packets to B which has the IP address 1B. A only knows B’s IP address and thus as a first step, sends an ARP request to B to get machine B’S hardware address. Now, before sending the ARP request, A checks up in its ARP cache whether…
ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
ARP or Address Resolution Protocol is used to map Internet addresses to physical addresses. Address resolution is the process of mapping Internet IP addresses into physical addresses. Two machines in the internet cannot communicate with each other without knowing each others actual physical address i.e address of its hardware interface, for e.g. the network interface…
Weaknesses of IP address
Below are couple major weaknesses of IP addresses – A machine cannot be assigned a permanent IP address i.e. it should change when the machine is connected to different physical networks When class C networks grow beyond 255 hosts, they should be changed to class B networks. Such changes in IP addresses requires high labor,…
‘This’ network and ‘this’ host address
An IP address with all 0’s in the host id, refers to this particular and the IP addresses with all 0’s in the network id refers to this particular network. This network addressing is useful in cases when a host wants to communicate with a network whose network address the host sends the ‘this’ type…
Network & Broadcast address
Network and Broadcast address are derived from the general IP addresses and are used for specific or reserved applications. Network address refers to the IP addresses with all the bits in the host address 0s. The network address refers to the network itself. For e.g, a class A address 96.0.0.0 refers to the same class…
Internet Addresses
Internet address refers to the unique identification or address assigned to each machine in the physical network. The basic need for assigning Internet address is to identify every machine in the network. Internet address is defined as the 32-bit (or 64 bit) address assigned to each machine on the internet so as to identify that…
Internet Architecture
As shown above, the Internet consists of various physical networks (Net1 … Netn) connected together as a single large network. Each network may have host machines connected or other networks connected within it. G1 .. Gn represents the Gateways or routers that connects two networks. Gateways or routers routes data packets from a host in…
Internetworking Concept and Architectural Model
Internetworking is the technology that makes it possible to interconnect many disparate physical networks with diverse underlying hardware technologies and make them function as a coordinated unit. The internetworking / Internet technology hides the details of network hardware and permits computers to communicate independent of their physical network connections. When we speak of interworking technology, we…
ARPANET Technology
ARPANET (Advanced research project agency network) is the oldest wide area packet switched network build by the DARPA (Defense advanced research project agency). Physically ARPANET consisted of about 50 BBN corp’s C30 and C300 minicomputers called the PSNs (packet switching nodes) that were scattered over US and Europe. Each PSN was a dedicated packet switching…
ProNET variation – Start topology
ProNET variation as star topology is as shown below – The 3 hosts are connected logically by a ring connection and physically by a start connection via a wire center. The wire center consists of relays R1, R2, R3, R4 so that the relays connects the corresponding host to the wire center via the interface….
ProNET 10 Token recovery
ProNET 10 token recovery is essential to handle situations of loss of token when the host want to transmit. Such token loses occur due to malfunction or electronic interference that damages the token. To recover the token, we implement two timers at each station – flag timers and token timers. The flag timer is reset…
ProNET Token Ring Technology
ProNET Token ring technology is an alternative to ethernet technology and it also works fairly good speeds. It uses token ring technology- Token ring network as shown above consists of hosts connected as a ring via wires that comes out of each host and connected to the other host. Each host in the network engage…
Ethernet Variations
Ethernet technology started with using the costly coaxial cables. Now it is possible to carry ethernet frames over cost-effective and cheaper twisted pair cables supporting greater speeds. Another variation of ethernet is to use cable like that of cable TV. This variation of Ethernet is called thin wire ethernet which is expensive but cover only…
Ethernet Bridges
Ethernet bridge is a fast computer with two Ethernet interfaces and a fixed program that improve upon the functions of repeaters by replicating the packets, instead of amplifying them. Bridges, thus do not amplify the noise, errors or malformed frames like the repeaters, but only reproduces a completely valid frame. Ethernet bridges supports CSMA/CD mode…
Ethernet addressing and frame format
Ethernet Addresses refers to the unique physical/hardware address assigned or hardcoded on to the Ethernet interface card in 48 bits machine readable form. Physical ethernet addresses are meant to be different for each interface card and moving the hardware to a new machine or replacing the existing card with a new one will change the…
Collission detection and Recovery in Ethernet
Ethernet data transmission enabled by TCP/IP is a best-effort delivery method. i.e the sender is given no information about whether the data packets were received by the receiver or not. The hosts in the Ethernet participate in data communication over the common Ethernet bus by a process of carrier sense multiple access with collision detection…
Ethernet Hardware and basic architecture
A cross section of a Ethernet cable is as shown below – Ethernet is typically a 10Mbps local area packet switched network technology. The cross section of an Ethernet cable is as shown above. The Ethernet coaxial cable is of 1/2 inch in diameter and is extendable upto 500-1500 meters. The outer insulating jacket and…
LAN, WAN and MAN
WAN (Wide Area Network) connects machines over widely separated geographical locations. A WAN usually consists of various packet switches installed at various points on the network to carry the signals to long distances. LAN (Local Area Network) span shorter distances usually with an enterprise or within the enterprise department. Since LAN cover shorter distances, they…
Differences between TCP/IP internet services and others
TCP/IP internet services and other internetworking services can be compared on the basis of following features of TCP/IP internet – Network Topology Independence While TCP/IP is based on conventional packet switching technology that defined datagram as the unit of data transmission, it is independent of any particular vendor’s hardware or other underlying network technologies. …
Internetworking
Internetworking is the technology that makes it possible to interconnect many disparate physical networks with diverse underlying hardware technologies and make them function as a coordinated unit. The internetworking/internet technology hides the details of network hardware and permits computers to communicate independent of their physical network connections. When we speak of internetworking technology, we speak of…
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN, though not popular in US, it is still one of the most popular data communication networks in UK, India and many other European countries. ISDN evolved from the IDN (Integrated Digital Network) in which both the transmission media and switches employs digital techniques. In this system, speech signals are converted to digital signal at…
Basics setup of Mobile Communication services
One of the fastest growing telecommunication industry is obviously mobile radio communication. Below figure shows a basic architecture of such a mobile communication network – Radio telephones or cellphone, as they are generally called, provides a switched two way channel between two conversing parties like a conventional telephone. Telephones may be in vehicles which can…
Digitized Telephone services
In the past, we had manual exchanges which involved a great task in switching and routing of calls to various subscribers that increased network traffic and longer setup times. Also fault checking and identification was very difficult. Now, with the introduction of electronic exchanges which uses a stored program concept for switching of calls and…
Evolution of Data Communication Systems
Almost all of the Data communication systems across the world evolved from Telegraph systems. Later with developments in the telephone systems, it was now possible to interconnect various computer terminals for data communication. With the advancements in the network computing and the digitization of telephone networks, it was now possible to setup an efficient data…
Data Communication – Basic Definition and setup
Data communication is the function of transporting digital signal from one digital device to another. Data transmission and data communications means two different things. Data communications has a much wider meaning which embraces not just electrical transmission but many other factors involved in controlling, checking and handling the movement of information in a communication-based computer…
Simple HTTP log analyzer
Here is a simple light weight HTTP analyzer written in PHP. I wrote this to brush up my skills writing schedulers for a typical LAMP stack. Nothing fancy, there are more things to implement on detecting malicious requests, but this will get you started – <?php /** //Simple http log parser and report generation script…
Stack Vs Heap
Stack and Heap refers to 2 distinct memory areas utilized by an executing program based on the data type of data that it deals at a point during its execution. Stack is that part of memory that a program uses to keep track of its execution flow. For example it stores the currently executed method…
What is the purpose of static modifier?
Static modifier is commonly used in all programming languages. There are two distinct reasons for using the static modifier whether its C, Java, C#, PHP or Ruby – To access the class members without instantiating the object. eg: public class CutGrass{ public static void CleanMower(){ } } var endTheJob = CutGrass.CleanMower(); 2. To restrict the representation…
Arrays Vs Lists – Which one to use?
Both Arrays and Lists helps us to store list of elements. But which one to choose is an important design decision that is directly related to application performance. Arrays are strongly typed – meaning they can only store data of one type. Use Arrays where the size and type of elements is fixed and we…
How to stop bulk spam emails to my mail account?
If you are not one of the people who have had the bad experience of having your email account being subjected to a bulk spam attack, you are lucky. But what to do if you are? Don’t panic. I recently faced this situation and I will explain how to solve this. Follow through the points…
C# File, Directory Manipulation
C# provide two versions of File, Directory manipulation options – 1) Static methods based and 2) Instance methods based. Static method based operations are provided by the File and Directory classes both derived from System.IO class. Instance method based operations are provided by the FileInfo and DirectoryInfo classes again both derived from System.IO class. File…
MVC Architecture
MVC architecture has been in place since past 4 decades or so when GUI (Graphical Use Interfaces) started to be used widely. The idea is simple – to implement separation of concerns. Plainly put, to separate 1) presentation (UI) 2) user interactions and 3) underlying data and logic/behavior. It might be easy to build a web…
C# Program to find Age
Below is a C# program to find Age from a Date of Birth. Enjoy! public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public Person(DateTime birthdate) { BirthDate = birthdate; } public DateTime BirthDate { get; private set; } public int Age{ get { var timeSpan = DateTime.Today – BirthDate; var years = timeSpan.Days / 365; return years; } } } public class Program { public static void Main(string[] argvs) { var person = new Person(new DateTime(1998,2,14)); Console.WriteLine(person.Age); } }